CONTENTS.

TITLE PAGE -- i

PREFACE. -- iii

ILLUSTRATIONS -- 2-8

PRE-ADAMITE HISTORY. -- Geological Foundation -- Quaternary, or Drift, Page 9. Buried Trees, Branches and Leaves -- Lost Rocks, 10. Chemical Composition -- Fresh Water Shells, 11. Hard Pan -- Thickness -- Encroachment of the Lake, 12. Ancient Water Levels -- Ancient Shore -- Quicksands, 13. Illustrations, Map and Profile -- Explanatory Notes, 14-15. Land Slips -- Stratification of the Drift, 16. Rate of Encroachment, from 1796 to 1812, 17. Remains of the Elephant -- Valley of the Cuyahoga, 18. Buried Timber -- Fossils of the Drift -- The Horse, Beaver, &c. 19. Alpine and Greenland Glaciers, 20-21. Ice Action on Lake Michigan and Lake Erie, 22. Ice Action at Tallmadge, Euclid, Austintown -- Dayton, 23. Ice Action, Fac Simile, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, 24. Ice Action, Lake Superior -- Cause of Glacier Motion, 25.

PRE-HISTORIC INHABITANTS. -- Ancient Earth Works and Fortifications, 29-30. Ancient Copper Tools in the Ohio Mounds, 31. Ancient Copper Mines, Implements Forts, Medina County, Ohio, at Weymouth and Granger, 40-41. Ancient Fort near Painesville, 42. Fortified Hill near Conneaut -- Plan, 43. Resemblance to the Moque Towns in New Mexico, 45.

WHITE MEN NOT RECOGNIZED IN HISTORY. -- Ancient Ax Marks, Canfield, Newburg, Willoughby, Berlin, 47-51.

RACE OF RED MEN. -- Algonquins, and Iroquois as fist seen by the French 53-55. The Eries and Adantes, 56. The French on Lake Erie, 57-58. Destruction of the Eries, Narrative of Black Snake, 59. They Challenge the Iroquois -- The Iroquois Champions, 60-61. The Contest -- Iroquois Victorious, 62-63. Revenge of the Eries, and their betrayal, 64-65. They are met by the Iroquois and defeated, 66-67. Total route and destruction of the Eries, 68-69. Sketch of Black Snake -- English pledges to the Indians, 70-71

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER OF EVENTS, -- From 1535 to 1786, 73-76.

EARLY MAPS OF THE LAKE COUNTRY. -- Champlain's Maps, 1634 -- Copy of a Portion, 77-80. Lewis Evans Map, 1755 -- Copy of a Portion, 81-84. Location of the Indian Tribes -- Huske's and Hutchins' Maps, 85-87

EXPEDITIONS OF ROGERS, WILKENS AND BRADSTREET. -- Major Rogers, 1760 -- Meeting with Pontiac, 89-91. Geographical Uncertainties -- Confusion as to Rivers -- Historical Error as to the Place of Meeting -- Rogers' Journal -- Parkman -- Sir Wm. Johnson, 91-94. French Fort at Sandusky -- Major Wilkins, 1763, 95.

DISASTERS OF WILKINS AND BRADSTREET, BY DR. J. P KIRTLAND. -- Location of the Shipwreck -- Wilkins Expedition, 97-99. He reaches lake Erie -- Major Moncrieffe -- Historical Notices -- Point aux Pins, 100-101. Relics of a Wreck at Rocky River -- Manner of its Occurence -- Remains of an old camp at Rocky River, 102-104. Bradstreets Expedition and Shipwreck, 1764 -- Parkmans Account, 105-106. Their Return -- Censure of Bradstreet -- Sir Wm. Johnson -- How the Boats were Lost -- McMahons Beach, 107-109. Remains of Accoutrements and Boats, Gun Flints -- Major Israel Putnam -- Their track Homeward -- Bradstreet's Death, 110-113. Relics at McMahons Run and Rocky River described -- Bayonets, Knives, Bullets, Cannon Balls, Muskets, Tomahawks, Coin. Surgical Knife, Spoons, and Skeletons, 114-120. Burial of their dead, Tumulus Containing their Bones -- An Indian among them Conflicting views as to the locality of Wilkins Disaster -- Point aux Pins on the North Shore -- Major Moncrieffe's Statement -- Quotations from the New Port Mercury, 1763, 125-126. Lieutenant Gorrell's Journal, 1763 -- The Rocky River Relics, probably Bradstreets.

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FIRST WHITES IN CUYAHOGA COUNTY. -- James Smith, Mary Campbell, Joseph Du Shattars Trading House in Brooklyn -- Baptiste Fleming, Joseph Burrall, 131-132,

MORAVIANS IN CUYAHOGA COUNTY, 1786-7. -- They leave Detroit in 1786 -- Arrive at Huron -- Reach the Cuyahoga -- Schooners Beaver and Mackinaw -- Seat themselves at Tinkers Creek, or Pilgerruh -- Zeisberger and Heckewelder, 135-137. The Delawares persecute them -- They abandon Pilgerruh, 138-139. The Massacre on the Muskingum, 1782 -- The Journey to Petquotting -- Driven from thence to Canada, 140-141. Their return to the Muskingum, 1798 -- Missionaries in Ohio, 1761 to 1803, 142-144.

ORIGIN OF TITLE. -- Early Claims of European Nations -- Title by Possession -- French and English, 145-147. Claims of the Plymouth and London Companies, 148. Conflict of the Colonial claims, 149 Earl Warwicks deed -- Patent of Connecticut, 150-151. Cessions by the Indians -- Title by Conquest, 152-153. Old Colonial Difficulties revived -- Conflicting Claims, 154-155. The Soldier Pioneers -- Early Land Speculations -- Various Routes to the West, 156-157. Conflict of Jurisdiction -- Salt Spring tract -- Relinquishment by Connecticut, 158. Attempts to sell in 1786 -- Propositions for sale, 1787 -- Sale to Parsons, 159. General S.H. Parsons -- People on the Reserve resist Taxation, 160-161. Mode and Terns of Sale, 1795 -- List of Purchases, 162-164.

THE CONNECTICUT LAND COMPANY. -- Deeds, Bonds and Mortgages -- Trustees of the Company -- The Excess Company, 165-166. Political Rights of the Company -- Articles of Association, 167. The First Directors -- Plan of Survey, 168. Names of the Agents and Surveyors -- Mode of Partition, 169. Six Reserved Townships -- Drafts,

SURVEYS OF 1796 -- Journal of John Milton Holley, 171. From Connecticut to Canadaigua, 172. General Cleveland at Canandaigua, 173. Oswego, Little Sodus, Gerundigut, or Ironduquoit, 174. Niagara Falls, Chippewa, Buffalo Creek, 175. Capt. Brant, Red Jacket, Farmers Brother -- They hold a Council, 176-177. Buffalo to Presque Isle -- Journal of Seth Pease, 178. Latitude of Buffalo Creek -- Cattaraugus, 179. Cattaraugus to Conneaut -- Fourth of July, 1796, 180. Journal of Moses Cleveland -- The Celebration, 181-182. Holds a Treaty with Paqua -- Mutual Speeches and Compliments; 183. Conneaut Creek in 1796, by Amzi Atwater -- Plan -- Camp of Surveyors -- Boats and Store House, 184-185. Instructions of the Directors to Cleveland, 187-188. List of the Agents, Surveyors, and Men, July, 1796, 189.

MODE OF EXECUTING THE SURVEYS. -- Townships Line -- Holleys Journal, 191-192. Porter, Holley, Pease, Warren and Spafford -- They go down the Pennsylvania Line, 193-194. Their severe Experience -- Character of the Country, 195-196. The Parties United -- They cross the Shenango River, 197. Recross the Shenango -- They are Wet and Uncomfortable, 198-199. Reach the Mahoning and find Settlers near the line, 200-201. Establish the South -- East corner of the Reserve -- Commence Running the first four Meridians, 202. New Powers given to the Agent -- Committee on Partition, 203. Inducements to Settlers -- The Lake Shore Survey -- Mode of Equalization and Partition, 204-205. Their Experience on the Meridians -- Arrive at the Lake, 206-207. General Cleaveland, and Joshua Stow -- They start for Cleaveland in Boats -- Enter the Cuyahoga, 208-209. Their first Cabin -- An old Trading House -- Job P. Stiles and his wife, 210-211. Four Parallels Commenced -- Survey of the Lake Shore Continued Westward -- Misfortunes at the Chagrin River, 212-213.

HOLLEYS JOURNAL ON THE PARALLELS. -- From the Pennsylvania Line Westward -- Mistakes the Chagrin for the Cuyahoga River, 215-216. Surveys on Township Lines -- Holley reaches Cuyahoga, 217. Variations of the Compass -- Out of Provisions -- Start for Conneaut -- Meet the Boats with Stores, 220. Return to Cleveland -- Pursuit of a Bear -- Allotment of Cleveland Township, 221. Surveys in Mentor -- Chagrin River to Cuyahoga, 222. Capt. Perry -- Cleveland 100 Acre Lots Finished -- Close of Season, 223. Amzi Atwater -- Biographical Notice by L.V. Bierce of Akron, 225-227. Atwaters Diary and Statement Relating to the Surveys, 228-229. Difficulty with the Employees -- Orrin Harmons Statement -- Arrangement made at Cleveland, Sept. 30th, 1796, 230-231. Settlements Dues in Euclid -- Proceedings of the Employees, 232-233. Augustus Porter's Plan of Disposing of the City Lots, 234.

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FALL OF 1796 AND WINTER FOLLOWING, -- Unfinished Work, 235. Causes of the Delay -- Dissatisfaction of the Men, 236. Allotment of Cleveland -- Sales of Lots, 237. Original Plan of the City -- Fac Simile of same, 238-239. Original Streets -- First Purchasers of Lots, 240. Pease's Field Notes and Maps -- Original name of the city -- Pease's Hotel, 241. Disappearance of Original Field Notes and Maps -- Departure of the Surveyors, Oct. 18, 1796 -- Holleys Journal, 242. Journey down the Lake -- Settlement by the Canadaigua Company -- Grand River, 143 -- 144. Burning Spring in the Lake -- They reach Conneaut, 245. Arrive at Erie -- Buffalo Creek -- Niagara, 246-247. Voyage down Lake Ontario -- Genesee River -- Gerundigut -- Canadaigua, 248.

John Milton Holley, 249. Moses Cleaveland, By F. Wadsworth, 250-251. Job P. Stiles and wife, Edward Paine -- 252. The Settlement in Willoughby -- Pease's Journal, 253. Pease Reaches Home -- Meeting of the Directors, 253. Dissatisfaction of the Stockholders -- The Excess Company -- Porter's Computation, 255.

QUANTITY OF LAND IN THE PURCHASE. -- Porter's Report -- Collapse of the Excess Company, 257. Computations of Leonard Case and Simon Perkins, 258. Corrected results -- Quantity of Arable Land, 259. Want of a Civil Government, 260. Barr's MS. -- Events at Conneaut -- Ogontz and Seneca, 261. James Kingsbury and Family at Conneaut, 262. Their sufferings -- Winter of 1796-7 -- Kingsburys absence -- Mrs. Gun, 263. Distressing Death of an Infant Child -- It's burial, 264-265. A Lucky Shot -- Return of the Surveyors, 1797, 266. Kingsbury moves to Cleveland -- The Old Trading House -- Settlers on the Ridge, 267. Obituary Notice of Kingsbury, Dec.15, 1847, 268-273.

SURVEYING PARTY OF 1797. -- List of the party -- Seth Pease Principal Surveyor, 275-276. His Journal -- Journey through New York, 277. Fort Stanwix -- Oswego Falls -- Canadaigua, 278. The Land Party to Buffalo -- Water Party to Niagara, 280-281. Drowning and Burial of David Eldridge -- Other Boats Arrive, 282. Parties Preparing for the Woods -- List of Supplies, 283. Orders to the Surveying Parties -- Pease moves up the Cuyahoga, 284-285. Pack Horse Lost -- Magnetic Variation -- At the Peninsula, 286. Arrives at the Upper Head Quarters -- Prepares for the Woods, 287. Pease and Party reach the Salt Springs and South Line of the Reserve, 288. Variations of the Compass -- Moses Warren's Diary, 289. Survey of the Portage Path -- Meeting with Pease, 290. Survey of the Out Lots, Cleveland, 291-292.

STATEMENT OF AMZI ATWATER. -- Ascent of the Mohawk -- Passage of Oswego Falls -- Takes the Horses and Cattle from Canadaigua to Buffalo -- Arrives at Conneaut, Reaches Cleveland with the Animals -- Death of Eldridge -- Proceeds to Tinkers Creek, 295-297. Indian Visitors at Upper Head -- Quarters -- They are Importunate for Whiskey, 298-299. Sickness and Deaths in the Party, 300-301. Address of L.V. Bierce -- Sickness and Death of Bicknell, 302-305. Death of Joseph Tinker -- The Sick List at Cleveland, 306-307. Mr. Pease Severely Sick -- Mr. Warren in Charge, 308-309. Allotment of the Six Townships -- Pease's Journal -- He leaves the Cuyahoga Oct. 3d, 1797, 310-311. Journey to Conneaut -- John Young arrives there, 312. Shipwreck of Tinker, Pearce and Edwards -- Murder of George Clark on the Beaver, 313. Spafford and his Party leave Conneaut, Oct.25th -- Mr.Pease and his party, Oct. 31st., 314. They reach Buffalo -- Latitude and Longitude of Cleveland, 315. No minerals Discovered on the Reserve by the Surveyors, 316. The Surveyors Meet at Canadaigua and Report -- Wife, and Kingsbury and Wife, 317. Lorenzo Carter, By Judge Barr -- Death of Washburne -- Buildings in Cleveland, 1797 -- Early Burials, 318-320.

SKETCHES OF THE SURVEYORS AND PIONEERS. -- Ezekiel Morley, by Alfred Morley, 322. Lot Sanford, by A.W. and R.W. Perry -- The first Garden -- Sanford's Companions, 323-325. Oliver Culver, 326-328. Seth Pease, by Ralph Granger, 329-330. Nathaniel Doan, 331-332. Elijah Gun, 333, Letter of Augustus Porter, 1843, 333. Work on the Meridians -- wild honey, 334. Strike among the men -- Traverse of the Lake Shore, 336. Survey of Streets and Lots in Cleveland, 337. Traverse of the Cuyahoga river, 337. Larenzo Carter, by Ashbel W. Walworth, 339. History of Ben, the Negro, 340-342. No one allowed to run away from Cleveland, 343-344. Ancient Mouth of the Cuyahoga -- Carters as Regulator, 345-346. Amos Spafford, by H.L. Hosmer, 347. Peter Manor -- Sack of Perrysburg, 1812, 348-349. Sacamanc, the Faithful Indian, 350. Spaffords Losses by the War, 351-352.

THE YEAR 1798. -- Proceedings of the Land Company, 353-354. Sickness -- Home Made Remedies -- Faithfulness of Seth Doan -- Graham Flour, 365-356.

THE YEAR 1799. -- Doan's Corners -- Newburg -- Early Settlers, 357.

THE YEAR 1800. -- Turhand Kirtland -- Erection of Trumbull County -- First Election, 358. Organization of Cleveland Township, 359. First Justices and Constables -- First School, 360. Letter of J.A. Ackley -- Lorenzo Carter -- His Journey to Ohio, 361-362. Letter of James Hillman -- Cleveland in 1786, 363. Indian Trail -- Death of a Packhorseman -- The Salt Springs -- Trumbull County, 364-365. Salt Boilers driven away by Soldiers in 1785 -- Murder of Kribs, 366. Boundaries of Cuyahoga County, and Subsequent Changes, 367-369. View of Cleveland Under the Hill in 1800, 370-371. Gilman Bryants Letter -- The first Distillery -- Williams Mill at Newburg, 372-373. A Pioneer Dance -- An Indian Dog Feast, 374-375. Letter of Turhand Kirtland, Cleaveland, July, 1800, 376. Settlers Greatly Dissatisfied -- Price of City Lots, 377-378. Samuel Huntington Visits Cleveland -- His Diary, 379.

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THE YEAR 1801. -- Fourth of July Celebration -- The first Store, 380-381. Joseph Badger Visits Cleveland -- Spaffords Re-Survey of the Streets -- Samuel Huntington and Family -- His Political Advancement, 382-383.

THE YEAR 1802. -- Blankets made of Hair -- First Township Election, 383-385. An Attack by the Wolves -- Tavern Licenses in Cleveland, 386-387. Slow Sales of Lands -- Original owners of Cleveland, 388.

THE YEAR 1803. -- Improved health of the Place -- Whisky business under the Hill, 389-390. Murder of Menompsy, a Medicine Man -- He is accused of Mal Practice, 391. He is Stabbed by Big Son, a half brother of Stigwanish, or Seneca, 392. The Chippers and Ottawas bent upon Revenge -- Carter Negotiates -- Their Fury Appeased by Whisky, 393. Statement of Alonzo Carter -- The first Marriage, 394. Witness to the Death of Menompsy, 395. The first Warehouse -- Drowning of Henry Carter, 396-397.

THE YEAR 1804. -- Military Election and Remonstrance, 398-399.

THE YEAR 1805. -- Indian Cession of Lands West of the Cuyahoga -- Letter of Wm. Dean, 400-401. Abram Tappens account of the Treaty, 402-403. Predictions of Gideon Granger -- Military Election and Voters, 404-405.

THE YEAR 1806. -- Shipwreck of the Hunter family and Black Ben, 407. Surveys West of the Cuyahoga River -- Tappen's Proposition, 408-409. Tappen's Account -- Surveyors at Cleveland -- South Line of the Reserve Continued by Seth Pease, 410-411. Excessive Drougth -- The Fire Lands -- Committee on Equalization, 412. Custom House at Cleveland -- First Clearance, 413-414.

THE YEAR 1807. -- Judge Huntington and Family -- Other Residents, Buildings, &c., 414-415. Murder of Nicksaw -- Account by General Wadsworth and Judged Huntington -- Senecas Ideas of Justice, 416-418. Edward Paine's Notice of Seneca, alias Stigwanish, 419. Lottery for the Improvement of the Muskingum Rivers -- Huntington Elected Governor -- The Fourth Draft, 420-423.

THE YEAR 1808. -- Shipwreck of Plumb, Gilmore, Gilbert, Spafford and Mary Bilinger -- Rescue of Plumb, 424-425.

THE YEAR 1809. -- Amos Spafford -- Description of Cleveland by Stanley Griswold, United States Senator, 426-427. Brooklyn Township Surveyed -- Settlers in Newburg, by John Harmon, 428-429.

FROM 1810-1812. -- The county organized -- The first County Court -- Foreshadowings of War -- Major Jessup, 430-431. Map of Cleveland in 1814, by Spafford and Kelly, 434-435. Trial and Execution of O'Mic, by Elisha Whittlesey, 437-442. Description of Cleveland in 1813, by Capt. Stanton Sholes, 442-446. Statement of Mrs. Julianna Long, 446-451. Biographical Notice of John Walworth and Mrs. Walworth, 451-454. Record of the First Settlers, 1796 to 1801, 454-455. Increase of Population, 1796 to 1866, 456. List of Collectors at Cleveland, 457. Early Lake Craft, 1679 to 1810, 457-460.

PIONEER RIVER MEN. -- Early Views of the Importance of the Cuyahoga River, 461. First Forwarders, Duncan & Wilson, 1786 -- Batteaux Navigation, 462-463. Port of Entry in 1805 -- Schooner Zephyr, 1808 -- Warehouses are Erected and Vessels Built, 464-465. Cleveland Pier company -- The first Canal Boat, 466-467. The Days of Pennsylvania Wagons Ended, 468. The Village Corporation and Officers, 469-470. Post Masters -- Locations of the Post Office, 471-472. Court Houses of 1812 and 1828, 473-474. Ohio City -- Battle of the Bridge -- List of Mayors, 475-478.

FLUCTUATIONS OF LEVEL IN LAKE ERIE. -- Annual Rise and Fall -- Sudden Oscillations, 479-481. General or Secular Fluctuations -- History of the Observations, 482-483. Diagram and Explanations, 484-485. Amount of Rise and Fall -- Lunar Tide, 486-487.