TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Page

 

PREFACE

iii

 

INTRODUCTION by Danny Thomas

1

 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

4

 

WHO ARE THE ARABS?

6

 

 

 

 

PART ONE: THE ARABS -- THEIR HISTORY AND HERITAGE

 

 

 

 

1.

PHOENICIAN TRADE AND TRAVEL

11

2.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE EGYPTIAN REGION

20

 

 

 

 

PART TWO: RELIGIONS OF THE ARABS

 

 

 

3.

MONOTHEISM - JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM

29

4.

ISLAM - RELIGION AND LAW

34

5.

SHARI'A - THE WAY

40

6.

THE STATUS OF WOMEN

45

 

 

 

 

PART THREE: ARAB CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WEST

 

 

 

7.

CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE SCIENCES AND MATHMATICS

50

 

 

 

 

Mathematics

50

 

Astronomy

51

 

Medicine

53

 

Architecture

55

 

Navigation and Geography

57

 

Horticulture

59

 

Other Sciences

62

 

The Crafts

63

 

Language and Caligraphy

65

 

Music

67

 

Philosophy

69

 

 

 

PART FOUR: THE ARAB WORLD AND THE WEST IN CONFLICT

 

 

 

8.

THE CRUSADES: THEIR EFFECT ON ARAB HISTORY

74

9.

CONQUEST FROM THE EAST

80

 

Temujin - Genghis Khan (1162 - 1227)

80

 

Timur - Tamerlane (1336 - 1405)

81

 

The Ottoman Empire (1299 - 1919)

81

 

The Betrayals

87

 

 

 

PART FIVE: THE IMMIGRATION

 

 

 

10.

EARLY VISITORS

91

11.

THE GREAT WAVE

100

12.

THE ARAB-AMERICANS IN CLEVELAND, OHIO

110

 

Rite of Initiation

116

 

Rite of Marriage

121

 

The Family

130

13.

EARLY SETTLERS

132

 

The Irish Cop: Godfather of Arab Families

136

 

The New Citizen

138

 

 

 

PART SIX: SETTLEMENTS AND SETTLERS

 

 

 

14.

THE WOMEN WHO GAVE

142

 

The Story of Rose Joseph

143

 

The Story of Barbara Jacob

151

 

The Story of Helenie Farage

155

15.

THE STRUGGLE TO SURVIVE

161

 

The Arab Arts in Cleveland

177

 

Sports

183

 

Education

184

 

Post World War II Period

187

16.

THE ARAB-AMERICAN PARISHES IN CLEVELAND

190

 

St. Elias Melkite Byzantine Catholic Church

190

 

St. Maron's Maronite Catholic Church

201

 

St. George Antiochian Orthodox Church

207

 

 

 

PART SEVEN: CONTEMPORARY DILEMMAS

 

 

 

17.

PRESENT LEBANESE PROBLEMS

220

18.

A NEW IMMIGRATION

225

 

International Implication for the Cleveland Arab Community

227

 

APPENDIX

238

 

FOOTNOTES

260

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

263

 


 

vi

 

TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS

 

 

Page

 

A solitary Cedar overlooks the Village of Bcharre

3

 

Mike and Jennie Haddad in Confectionery in Canton, Ohio

5

 

Map of the Arab World

8

 

Map of the Cradle of Western Civilization

12

 

Map of the Ancient Near East

12

 

Words of hymn carved in stone in the Hurrian language

15

 

A Harp from Sumeria

15

 

Baalbeck

19

 

Egyptian Ship on the Red Sea

21

 

Racial Types . . . From Egyptian Tomb-Paintings

21

 

The Great Columns at Karnak

23

 

Architectural Affinity of Pyramids

23

 

The Voyage of Ra

26

 

Monastery near the Mabula Village

32

 

Drawings of St. Basil and St. John

32

 

The Tomb of St. John the Baptist

32

 

Arab boys of Cardiff's Tiger Bay Learn the Koran

43

 

A band of inscription of a Koranic verse in decorated Kufic

43

 

A 13th Century illustration of a lady lecturing in a Baghdad Mosque

46

 

Illustration of a lecture given by a scholar in Baghdad

46

 

A 16th Century print of an Arab astronomer Abulmusar

52

 

Front and back views of an ancient Arab astrolabe

52

 

Pages from at-Birumi's manuscript on the elements of astronomy and Tabit ibn Qarra's translation of Euclid

52

 

Surgical instruments

54

 

Galenus, Avicenna and Hippocrates, the great physicians of antiquity, as they appeared in a 16th-century medical book

54

 

Physician preparing medicine

54

 

A portrait of six Greek physicians found in the Arabic translation of Galen's Treatise on Electuaries

54

 

A Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, built in 691 A.D.

56

 

Details of a window of the Alhambra, Granada

56

 

Illustration of Ahmad pointing the way for Vasco

60

 

Various pictures of the crafts made by the Arabs

64

 

Various forms of Arabic Calligraphy

66

 

Musical Instruments: The Oud, the Rabab, and the magical 'ud

68

 

Averroes (ink drawing)

71

 

The Castle of Reynaud De Chatignon

79

 

Physician preparing medicine

88

 

Facsimile of a letter in George Washington's own handwriting

94

 

Prince Nasereddine

96

 

Ahmad Bon Na'Aman

96

 

Baptism of Bruce Salem Bird

119

 

The original statue brought from Luxembourg in 1875

148

 

Old Church at Carey, Ohio

148

 

Altar in original Church at Carey, Ohio

148

 

Atutlah and Barbara Khattar Jacob (Wedding Picture)

156

 

Mrs. Helenie David Farage in her wedding dress

156

 

Syrian Women's Red Cross Auxiliary at Bradley Court

164

 

Street Railway Repair Crew directly in front of old Anter Bros. Wholesale Distributors

164

 

Cleveland newspaper story on Julia Macron

168

 

Shaheen and Louise Hurley Kaim in Arab costume

168

 

Gathering of Aiteneet men with some of their children

172

 

Jamil Kaim receives award from Cleveland Lebanese Union

172

 

Honor banquet for Miss Bayouth of the Lebanese Y.W.C.A.

175

 

The Million Pound Clothing Drive for Arab Refugees

189

 

St. Elias Church: Then and Now

195

 

The New St. Elias -- Where East meets West

196

 

Rt. Rev. Malatios Mufleh, B.S., Archimandrite

199

 

Rev. Father Ignatius Ghattas, B.S.

199

 

Banquet following Eucharistic Congress

200

 

Women's group St. Elias Byzantine Melkite Church with Pastor Rev. Ignatius Ghattas

200

 

Rev. Msgr. Joseph C. Feghali

202

 

St. Maron Church

202

 

St. George Syrian Orthodox Church

208

 

Articles of Incorporation

210

 

Churches serving the Arab Americans of Cleveland

219

 

Wedad Mouhaissan Hasan in El-Bireh

227

 

The Palestinian grandmothers of members of Cleveland's Palestinian Community

227

 

Mrs. Yasir Allis and Miss Ruth Nader in Palestinian dress

227

 

Miss Tami Anter in Saudi Arab dress of Royal Family and Miss Lorraine George in Palestine dress from Bethlehem

234

 

Helen Thomas: "First Lady" of White House Correspondents

242

 

Miss Juliet Deir Teaching "Conversational Arabic"

246

 

Reem Hamadan, 7, studies Arabic in a class at the Islamic Center

246

 

Dr. Emile Habiby uses this chart to teach the alphabet sounds of the Arabic language while his son, Najib looks on

246

 

The Arabic Alphabet

248

 

St. Jude Research Hospital for Children

255

 

Kahlil Gibran

258

 

Proverbs Are the Lamps of Speech

259

 

Various Newspaper Clippings

260

 


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